Partially Crimped Stent

ABSTRACT

A crimping method that crimps a stent over multiple catheters. The method includes differentially crimping a stent on certain portions of a balloon catheter so that a second catheter can be threaded through the uncrimped portion of the stent and exit through the links of a conventional stent design or through a specific hole in the stent designed for a branched vessel.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a Divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 13/071,149 filed Mar. 24, 2011 (Allowed); which application is a Continuation of PCT Appln. No. PCT/US2009/058505 filed Sep. 25, 2009; which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Appln. No. 61/194,346 filed Sep. 25, 2008; the entire contents which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

The present application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 13/071,251 (Allowed); Ser. No. 13/071,239 (Allowed); Ser. No. 13/071,198 (Allowed); Ser. No. 13/071,183 (Allowed); and Ser. No. 13/071,162, all of which were filed on Mar. 24, 2011 and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. The present application is also related to U.S. Provisional Appln. Nos. 61/317,198; 61/317,114; 61/317,121; and 61/317,130; all of which were filed on Mar. 24, 2010, and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of medical stents and, more particularly, for the treatment of lesions and other problems in or near a vessel bifurcation. A stent is an endoprosthesis scaffold or other device that typically is intraluminally placed or implanted within a vein, artery, or other tubular body organ for treating an occlusion, stenosis, aneurysm, collapse, dissection, or weakened, diseased, or abnormally dilated vessel or vessel wall, by expanding the vessel or by reinforcing the vessel wall. In particular, stents are quite commonly implanted into the coronary, cardiac, pulmonary, neurovascular, peripheral vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems, and have been successfully implanted in the urinary tract, the bile duct, the esophagus, the tracheo-bronchial tree and the brain, to reinforce these body organs. Two important current widespread applications for stents are for improving angioplasty results by preventing elastic recoil and remodeling of the vessel wall and for treating dissections in blood vessel walls caused by balloon angioplasty of coronary arteries, as well as peripheral arteries, by pressing together the intimal flaps in the lumen at the site of the dissection. Conventional stents have been used for treating more complex vascular problems, such as lesions at or near bifurcation points in the vascular system, where a secondary artery branches out of a typically larger, main artery, with limited success rates.

Conventional stent technology is relatively well developed. Conventional stent designs typically feature a straight tubular, single type cellular structure, configuration, or pattern that is repetitive through translation along the longitudinal axis. In many stent designs, the repeating structure, configuration, or pattern has strut and connecting balloon catheter portions that impede blood flow at bifurcations.

Furthermore, the configuration of struts and connecting balloon catheter portions may obstruct the use of post-operative devices to treat a daughter vessel in the region of a vessel bifurcation. For example, deployment of a first stent in the mother lumen may prevent a physician from inserting a daughter stent through the ostium of a daughter vessel of a vessel bifurcation in cases where treatment of the mother vessel is suboptimal because of displaced diseased tissue (for example, due to plaque shifting or “snow plowing”), occlusion, vessel spasm, dissection with or without intimal flaps, thrombosis, embolism, and/or other vascular diseases.

A regular stent is designed in view of conflicting considerations of coverage versus access. For example, to promote coverage, the cell structure size of the stent may be minimized for optimally supporting a vessel wall, thereby preventing or reducing tissue prolapse. To promote access, the cell size may be maximized for providing accessibility of blood flow and of a potentially future implanted daughter stent to daughter vessels, thereby preventing “stent jailing,” and minimizing the amount of implanted material. Regular stent design has typically compromised one consideration for the other in an attempt to address both. Problems the present inventors observed involving daughter jailing, fear of plaque shifting, total occlusion, and difficulty of the procedure are continuing to drive the present inventors' into the development of novel, delivery systems, which are easier, safer, and more reliable to use for treating the above-indicated variety of vascular disorders.

Although conventional stents are routinely used in clinical procedures, clinical data shows that these stents are not capable of completely preventing in-stent restenosis (ISR) or restenosis caused by intimal hyperplasia. In-stent restenosis is the reoccurrence of the narrowing or blockage of an artery in the area covered by the stent following stent implantation. Patients treated with coronary stents can suffer from in-stent restenosis.

Many pharmacological attempts have been made to reduce the amount of restenosis caused by intimal hyperplasia. Many of these attempts have dealt with the systemic delivery of drugs via oral or intravascular introduction. However, success with the systemic approach has been limited.

Systemic delivery of drugs is inherently limited since it is difficult to achieve constant drug delivery to the afflicted region and since systemically administered drugs often cycle through concentration peaks and valleys, resulting in time periods of toxicity and ineffectiveness. Therefore, to be effective, anti-restenosis drugs should be delivered in a localized manner.

One approach for localized drug delivery utilizes stents as delivery vehicles. For example, stents seeded with transfected endothelial cells expressing bacterial beta-galactosidase or human tissue-type plasminogen activator were utilized as therapeutic protein delivery vehicles. See, e.g., Dichek, D. A. et al., “Seeding of Intravascular Stents With Genetically Engineered Endothelial Cells,” Circulation, 80:1347-1353 (1989).

U.S. Pat. No. 5,679,400, International Patent Application WO 91/12779, entitled “Intraluminal Drug Eluting Prosthesis,” and International Patent Application WO 90/13332, entitled “Stent With Sustained Drug Delivery” disclose stent devices capable of delivering antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant agents, antimigratory agents, antimetabolic agents, and other anti-restenosis drugs.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,273,913, 6,383,215, 6,258,121, 6,231,600, 5,837,008, 5,824,048, 5,679,400 and 5,609,629 teach stents coated with various pharmaceutical agents such as Rapamycin, 17-beta-estradiol, Taxol and Dexamethasone. This and all other referenced patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Furthermore, where a definition or use of a term in a reference, which is incorporated by reference herein is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to delivery catheters for delivery of stents for placement at vessel bifurcations and is generally configured to at least partially cover a portion of a daughter vessel as well as a mother vessel. The invention comprises stent crimping methods to differentially crimp a stent to account for stent design elements such as a tapered stent that does not have uniform walls. Additionally, differential crimping can be applied to stents that are mounted on two catheters.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, and are presented to provide what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the invention may be embodied in practice. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother catheter an over the wire design and the daughter catheter with a rapid exchange.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the daughter catheter an over the wire design and the mother catheter with a rapid exchange.

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with rapid exchange design.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with an over the wire design.

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother catheter an over the wire design, the daughter catheter with a rapid exchange, and a capture tube.

FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the daughter catheter an over the wire design, the mother catheter with a rapid exchange, and a capture tube.

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with rapid exchange design, and a capture tube.

FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with an over the wire design, and a capture tube.

FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother catheter an over the wire design, the daughter catheter with a rapid exchange, and a removable capture tube.

FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the daughter catheter an over the wire design, the mother catheter with a rapid exchange, and a removable capture tube.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with rapid exchange design, and a capture tube.

FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with an over the wire design, and a capture tube.

FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother catheter an over the wire design, the daughter catheter with a rapid exchange, and a short zipper.

FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the daughter catheter an over the wire design, the mother catheter with a rapid exchange, and a short zipper.

FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with rapid exchange design, and a short zipper.

FIG. 16 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with an over the wire design, and a short zipper.

FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother catheter an over the wire design and the daughter catheter with a rapid exchange, and an end to end zipper.

FIG. 18 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the daughter catheter an over the wire design, the mother catheter with a rapid exchange, and an end to end zipper.

FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with rapid exchange design, and an end to end zipper.

FIG. 20 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with an over the wire design, and an end to end zipper.

FIG. 21 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother catheter an over the wire design and the daughter catheter with a rapid exchange with a commercially available catheter.

FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the daughter catheter an over the wire design and the mother catheter with a rapid exchange with a commercially available catheter.

FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with rapid exchange design with a commercially available catheter.

FIG. 24 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment with both mother and daughter catheters with an over the wire design with a commercially available catheter.

FIGS. 25-30 illustrate the delivery sequence of a preferred embodiment in eight steps.

FIG. 31 is a photograph of a preferred embodiment with a bifurcation stent partially crimped.

FIG. 32 is a photograph of a preferred embodiment with a bifurcation stent partially crimped with a second catheter threaded through the bifurcation stent hole.

FIG. 33 is a photograph of a preferred embodiment with a bifurcation stent partially crimped with a second catheter threaded through the bifurcation stent hole.

FIG. 34 is a photograph of a preferred embodiment with the system fully aligned and fully crimped.

FIG. 35 is a cross sectional view of a differentially crimped stent on two catheters.

FIG. 36 is a profile view of a stent mounted on two balloon catheters.

FIG. 37 is a profile view of a stent mounted on two balloon catheters.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to delivery catheters for delivery of stents for placement at vessel bifurcations and is generally configured to at least partially cover a portion of a daughter vessel as well as a mother vessel. In particular, the present invention relates to novel methods of crimping stents to delivery catheters.

A variety of catheter designs may be employed to deploy and position the mother and daughter stents. Such catheters may be used in connection with multiple guidewires that terminate in the mother and daughter vessels. These guidewires may be used to facilitate introduction of the catheter, any angioplasty balloons, any stents, and/or to properly orient the stent or balloon within the vessel.

In general, the methods of the invention may utilize a catheter system comprising a catheter body having a mother vessel guidewire lumen and a daughter vessel balloon that is independently operable and coupled to the catheter body. The daughter balloon catheter portion has a daughter vessel guidewire lumen. The catheter system further includes mother catheter balloon, and a stent is disposed over the balloon. The daughter catheter portion extends into the proximal opening of the mother stent and exits the mother stent through a side passage of the mother stent.

According to one method, a mother vessel guidewire is inserted into the mother vessel until a distal end of the mother vessel guidewire passes beyond the ostium of the daughter vessel, and a daughter vessel guidewire is inserted into the mother vessel until a distal end of the daughter vessel guidewire passes into the daughter vessel. To prevent the crossing of guidewires, the two vessels are wired through a guidewire catheter with two lumens to keep the guidewires separate and untangled. This guidewire catheter is then removed and a wire separator is placed on the wires to keep the guidewires unwrapped. The catheter system is then advanced over the mother and daughter vessel guidewires, with the mother and daughter vessel catheters passing over the mother vessel guidewire and the daughter vessel guidewire. The catheter system is advanced on both wires with the daughter vessel balloon catheter portion distal to the mother balloon catheter portion. As the catheter system advances over the wires, the daughter vessel balloon will enter the daughter vessel and may be deployed immediately or simultaneously with the mother vessel balloon after placement of the mother vessel balloon. The mother balloon catheter portion of the catheter system is then advanced distally as far as it can be advanced to the bifurcation site because the tension of the daughter catheter on the mother stent will prevent the mother catheter from moving distally. This method facilitates advancement of the catheter system to the bifurcation, which may be necessary for tortuous or calcified coronaries. Once the catheter system is in place the daughter vessel balloon catheter portion is then pulled back relative to the mother catheter so that it is partially within the mother stent, alignment can be performed with radiopaque markers. The operator can then gently push the catheter system distal to maximize apposition to the carina. The daughter balloon is then inflated to ensure proper alignment of the mother stent. The daughter balloon may also have a stent on its distal portion, which would result in the proximal portion of the mother stent and the daughter stent to expand simultaneously. The daughter balloon is then deflated. The mother balloon is then inflated which deploys the mother stent. Kissing, reinflation, of the two balloons is done if necessary or for shifting plaque. The catheter system may be removed while the wires remain in place. The daughter vessel can be stented if necessary with any commercially available stent for example a short stent that would not cover the entire daughter balloon. The two vessels may be angioplastied separately as necessary predilatation is indicated on occasion.

In an alternative method, the mother catheter can be mounted on the daughter vessel guidewire and the daughter catheter can be mounted on the mother vessel guidewire. In daughter vessels with a high degree of angularity, over 60-70%, the friction is lower when the operator needs to draw the daughter stent proximal and into the mother stent in this configuration. The catheter system is advanced so the daughter balloon catheter can pass the ostium of the daughter vessel and remain in the mother vessel. As the catheter system is advanced further, the mother balloon catheter will enter the daughter vessel. The catheter system can only be advanced to the bifurcation because there is tension between the daughter catheter in the mother vessel and mother stent on the mother catheter that prevents further advancement. While the mother catheter is held in place, the daughter catheter is drawn back such that the proximal portion of the daughter balloon is in the mother stent. Alignment is performed with radiopaque markers. The operator can then gently push the catheter system distal to maximize apposition to the carina. A stent on the daughter balloon is aligned so that when the daughter balloon is inflated the daughter stent and the proximal portion of the mother stent expand simultaneously and give complete coverage of the mother vessel. The daughter vessel balloon is then deflated. The mother vessel balloon is then inflated and the distal portion of the mother stent is expanded. A kissing procedure can also be performed if required.

In an alternative embodiment, the system can be used for provisional stenting of the daughter vessel. The catheter system comprising mother catheter comprising a mother balloon and mother stent, and a daughter catheter comprising a daughter balloon wherein the mother catheter is loaded onto a daughter vessel guidewire and the daughter catheter is loaded onto the mother vessel guidewire. The catheter system is advanced so the daughter balloon catheter can pass the ostium of the daughter vessel and remain in the mother vessel. As the catheter system is advanced further, the mother catheter and mother stent will enter the daughter vessel. The catheter system can only be advanced to the bifurcation because there is tension between the daughter catheter in the mother vessel and mother stent on the mother catheter that prevents further advancement. While the mother catheter is held in place, the daughter catheter is drawn back such that the proximal portion of the daughter balloon is in the mother stent. Alignment is performed with radiopaque markers. The operator can then gently push the catheter system distal to maximize apposition to the carina. A balloon on a wire could be used as an alternative to the daughter catheter.

In an alternative embodiment, the system can be used for provisional stenting of the daughter vessel. The catheter system comprising; a mother catheter comprising a mother balloon and, a daughter catheter comprising a daughter balloon and a daughter stent on the distal portion of the daughter balloon wherein the mother catheter is loaded onto a mother vessel guidewire and the daughter catheter is loaded onto the daughter vessel guidewire. The catheter system is advanced on both wires with the daughter balloon catheter portion distal to the mother balloon catheter portion. As the catheter system advances over the wires, the daughter balloon will enter the daughter vessel. The mother balloon catheter portion of the catheter system is then advanced distally as far as it can be advanced to the bifurcation. Once the catheter system is in place the daughter vessel balloon catheter portion is then pulled back relative to the mother catheter so that it is partially within the mother vessel, alignment can be performed with radiopaque markers. The operator can then gently push the catheter system distal to maximize apposition to the carina. The daughter balloon and mother balloon are simultaneously inflated. The mother vessel can be stented if necessary with any commercially available stent. A balloon on a wire could be used as an alternative to the daughter catheter.

In an alternative embodiment, the catheter system can be arranged with the daughter balloon portion proximal to the mother balloon portion forward over the guidewires to the bifurcation. In the case of the mother catheter on the mother guidewire, the alignment of the mother stent with the ostium of the daughter vessel occurs because tension between the daughter guidewire and mother stent on the mother catheter that prevents further advancement of the mother catheter. In the alternative case of the mother catheter on the daughter guidewire, the alignment of the mother stent with the ostium of the mother vessel occurs because tension between the mother guidewire and mother stent on the mother catheter that prevents further advancement of the mother catheter. In both cases the daughter stent is advanced distally into alignment with the mother stent and expanded.

In preferred embodiments, FIGS. 1 and 4 show the mother catheter is an Over-the-Wire (OTW) design and the daughter catheter is a Rapid-Exchange (RX) design with daughter catheter portion about 3 centimeters distal the mother catheter portion. The daughter balloon is placed just distal to the tip of the mother catheter, this arrangement minimizes the overall profile of the catheter system and allows maximal tracking of the arteries. The system may additionally have stents crimped over the balloons. The daughter stent may be approximately half the length of the daughter balloon or mother stent. The proximal end of the mother stent may be crimped only slightly to allow the daughter catheter balloon portion to operate independently, i.e. may be pushed or pulled without dislodging the mother stent. The method comprising the following steps:

1. Advance the catheter system to bifurcation, daughter balloon catheter portion and mother balloon catheter portion in their respective vessels. The mother catheter is no longer able to advance because of the tension between the mother stent and daughter catheter.

2. The daughter balloon proximal portion is drawn back into the mother stent and aligned with radiopaque markers.

3. While holding both the mother and daughter catheters tightly, the operator pushes forward lightly.

4. Inflate the daughter balloon and expand the daughter stent, approximately half of the daughter balloon distal portion will expand the “half-stent,” and half of the daughter balloon proximal portion will expand inside the mother vessel and partially expand the proximal portion of the mother stent.

5. Once the daughter stent is fully deployed, then the mother balloon can be fully expanded to deploy the distal portion of the mother stent.

6. A conventional Kissing procedure may be utilized to ensure full apposition.

In one particular aspect, the daughter balloon catheter portion may be used without a stent. This would allow perfect alignment of mother stent around the ostium of the daughter vessel. The daughter balloon would be used for the alignment as outlined in step three above, and expand the proximal portion of the mother stent.

In an alternative embodiment, FIG. 5 shows the mother catheter is an Over-the-Wire (OTW) design and the daughter catheter is a Rapid-Exchange (RX) design with daughter catheter balloon portion about 3 centimeters distal the mother catheter balloon portion. The system may additionally have stents crimped over the balloons. The daughter stent may be approximately half the length of the mother balloon or stent. The proximal end of the mother stent may be crimped only slightly to allow the daughter catheter balloon portion to operate independently, so that it may be pushed or pulled without dislodging the mother stent. The method comprising the following steps:

1. Looping the OTW so that one operator can hold both guide wires with one hand and then push both catheters with the other.

2. Advance the catheter system to bifurcation, daughter balloon catheter portion and mother balloon catheter portion aligned in their respective vessels, as disclosed in steps two through three in the above embodiment.

3. While holding both the mother and daughter catheters tightly, push the catheter system forward until the mother balloon catheter portion is stopped at the carina.

4. Inflate the daughter balloon and expand the daughter stent, approximately half of the daughter balloon distal portion will expand the “half-stent,” and half of the daughter balloon proximal portion will expand inside the mother vessel and partially expand the proximal portion of the mother stent.

5. Once the daughter stent is fully deployed, then the mother balloon can be fully expanded to deploy the distal portion of the mother stent.

6. A conventional Kissing procedure may be utilized to ensure full apposition.

In one particular aspect, the daughter balloon catheter portion may be used without a stent. This would allow perfect alignment of mother stent around the ostium of the daughter vessel. The daughter balloon would be used for the alignment as outlined in step three above, and expand the proximal portion of the mother stent.

In an alternative embodiment, the mother catheter is an Over-the-Wire design and the daughter catheter is a Rapid-Exchange design with daughter catheter portion about 3 centimeters distal. The system may additionally have stents crimped over the balloons. The daughter stent may be approximately half the length of the mother balloon or stent. The proximal end of the mother stent may be crimped only slightly to allow the daughter catheter balloon portion to operate independently, i.e. may be pushed or pulled without dislodging the mother stent. The method comprising the following steps:

1. Place the daughter guidewire only and then slide the system into the guide catheter. Just before exiting the guide catheter, insert the mother guide wire through the catheter and into the mother vessel, then push the system out of the guide catheter. To reduce wire wrap.

2. Advance the catheter system to the bifurcation, daughter balloon catheter portion and mother balloon catheter portion aligned in their respective vessels.

3. Advance the catheter system to bifurcation, daughter balloon catheter portion and mother balloon catheter portion aligned in their respective vessels, as disclosed in step two in the above embodiment.

4. Inflate the daughter balloon and expand the daughter stent, approximately half of the daughter balloon distal portion will expand the “half-stent,” and half of the daughter balloon proximal portion will expand inside the mother vessel and partially expand the proximal portion of the mother stent.

5. Once the daughter stent is fully deployed, then the mother balloon can be fully expanded to deploy the distal portion of the mother stent.

6. A conventional Kissing procedure may be utilized to ensure full apposition.

In one particular aspect, the daughter balloon catheter portion may be used without a stent. This would allow perfect alignment of mother stent around the ostium of the daughter vessel. The daughter balloon would be used for the alignment as outlined in step three above, and expand the proximal portion of the mother stent.

In an alternative embodiment the mother and daughter systems balloons are aligned. This embodiment could include the mother stent and daughter stent or either stent. When there is both a mother stent and a daughter stent, the daughter stent would be approximately half the length of the mother stent so that the daughter stent could be mounted on the distal half of the daughter balloon. Further the proximal portion of the daughter catheter would be crimped under the mother stent. The dual stent arrangement would reduce the profile compared to a full length stent that covered the entire length of the daughter balloon.

The methods described herein could alternatively include the step of flushing the catheters and the guidewire port to assist with maneuverability. The methods described herein could alternatively include the step of a couple of snap-on couplers the catheters are locked together.

In another particular aspect, each balloon catheter portion may include at least one radiopaque marker. With such a configuration, separation of the markers may be conveniently observed using fluoroscopy to indicate that the balloon catheter portions have passed beyond the ostium and the daughter balloon catheter portion has passed into the daughter vessel, thus aligning the passage of the stent with the ostium of the daughter vessel.

In another particular aspect, the catheter systems design is contemplated to cover combinations of rapid exchange and over the wire; for visualization purposes the hybrid versions are preferred because they are easier to distinguish while using fluoroscopy.

In another particular aspect, the proximal balloon may be differentially expandable, such that one end of the balloon may expand prior to the other end. In another particular aspect, the proximal balloon catheter portion may receive a stent that can be crimped under variable pressure to allow the distal balloon catheter portion freedom of movement.

In another particular aspect, a stent may be crimped over the proximal balloon catheter portion and the stent may be designed to deploy with variable profile to better oppose the patient anatomy.

In another particular aspect, the distal balloon catheter portion may be delivered via a pull away.

All of the above embodiments may utilize mother vessel stents ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 millimeter in diameter and daughter vessel stent ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 millimeter in diameter. The length of the stents could be in the range of 4 to 40 millimeter. The position of a stent on a catheter is not fixed and can be positioned on either or both catheters.

FIG. 1 illustrates the catheter system 10 with a distal daughter balloon catheter portion 30 comprising a balloon 32 with a daughter stent 33 crimped (not shown). The daughter stent 33 may be shorter than the mother stent 23. In a particular embodiment the daughter stent 33 is half the length of the mother stent 23 (not shown). The distal daughter stent 33 is crimped under standard conditions known in the art. The proximal mother balloon catheter portion 20 comprises a mother balloon 22 and a mother stent 23. The mother stent 23 is crimped differentially along the longitudinal direction and circumferentially, FIGS. 36-37. In the particular embodiment, the distal half 23 a of the mother stent 23 is crimped under typical conditions to ensure that the mother stent 23 is not dislodged during the alignment with the distal daughter balloon 32. Further, the proximal portion 23 b of the mother stent 23 is crimped under non-standard, relatively loose, conditions to allow the distal daughter balloon catheter portion 30 freedom of movement even though a portion of the daughter balloon catheter portion 30 is circumferentially enclosed. The mother catheter 21 and daughter catheter 31 are slidably attached to each other via a hollow exchange port 40. The exchange port 40 is embedded in the side of the mother over the wire catheter. The exchange port 40 is 10 centimeters long with a diameter just large enough to allow the insertion of the rapid exchange daughter catheter and daughter 31 balloon 32. The exchange port 40 can vary in length from 1 centimeter to 30 centimeters. The entry for the daughter catheter 32 on the exchange port 40 is proximal and the exit for the daughter catheter 32 is on the distal end of the exchange port 40. The daughter catheter 32 is loaded through the exchange port 40 and the daughter balloon 32 extends distally 5 centimeters from the exit of the exchange port 40 5 centimeters. However, it is possible to have the exchange port 40 1 to 30 centimeters proximal to the mother balloon 22. The mother stent 23 can be crimped on to the balloon after it has been loaded through the exchange port 40. The exchange port 40 must have a tight fit to reduce catheter profile and have low friction to allow the operator to easily slide the catheters relative to each other.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother catheter balloon portion 20 proximal to the daughter catheter balloon portion 30 utilizing the same exchange port 40 as described in FIG. 1. The daughter balloon 32 is 5 centimeters distal from the exit of the exchange port 40. As disclosed above, the daughter balloon 32 could be distal from the exchange 40 port 1 to 30 centimeters.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother and daughter catheters both having a rapid exchange design. In this particular embodiment one of the catheters has an exchange port 40 embedded in its side and the other catheter is loaded through the exchange port 40. Typically, the catheter would have to be loaded prior to having a stent crimped over the balloon portion.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross sectional view of one embodiment with the mother and daughter catheters both having an over the wire design. In this particular embodiment one of the catheters has an exchange port 40 embedded in its side and the other catheter does not have an exchange port. The catheter without the exchange port would be loaded onto the catheter with an exchange port 40. Typically, the catheter would have to be loaded prior to having a stent crimped over the balloon portion.

FIGS. 5-8 illustrate an end to end capture tube 41 that connects the catheters together. FIGS. 5-6 The capture tube 41 is a thin polymer hollow straw that covers the mother and daughter catheters from a point 10 centimeters distal the Indeflator® attachment 43 to a distal point that is 10 centimeters proximal from the rapid exchange catheter's proximal rapid exchange port 47. FIG. 7 discloses dual rapid exchange mother and daughter catheters so the end point of the capture tube 41 would be 10 centimeters proximal from the rapid exchange catheters' rapid exchange port 47 on the proximal catheter. FIG. 8 embodies a catheter system with dual over the wire designs, therefore the capture tube 41 ending point ends 30 centimeters proximal from the balloon portion of the most distal catheter. The capture tube 41 keeps the catheters from tangling. The capture tube 41 remains in place during the entire clinical procedure. FIG. 6 illustrates a distal daughter catheter 31 with an over the wire design and a proximal mother catheter 21 with a rapid exchange design. FIG. 5 illustrates a proximal mother catheter 21 with an over the wire design and a distal daughter catheter 31 with a rapid exchange design.

FIGS. 9-12 illustrate a removable capture tube 42 that is fitted over the dual catheters as described above but the capture tube 42 has a polymer appendage 44. Once the operator has the catheter system placed near the bifurcation the operator can grab hold of the polymer appendage 44 and pull the capture tube 42 off of the catheters. FIG. 10 illustrates a distal daughter catheter 31 with an over the wire design and a proximal mother catheter 21 with a rapid exchange design. FIG. 9 illustrates a proximal mother catheter 21 with an over the wire design and a distal daughter catheter 31 with a rapid exchange design. FIG. 11 illustrates a dual rapid exchange design with a removable capture tube 42. FIG. 12 illustrates a dual over the wire design with a removable capture tube 42.

FIGS. 13-16 illustrate a zipper 45 that allows one catheter to snap in to the other catheter. The zipper 45 is essentially a groove that forms a concave receiving cross section and is carved into a catheter's outer surface in a straight line. The groove can be a single groove over a certain portion of a catheter or it can run from end to end. Alternatively, the catheter can have a series of short grooves of 1 to 10 centimeters in length that run the length of the catheter or only a certain portion. Full length end to end zippers will have reduced profile and reduced friction with the vessel. The resulting groove can receive another catheter and prevent the catheters from dislodging while the operator is advancing the catheters to the bifurcation. Once at the site the operator can still slidably move the catheters forward and back relative to each other. Mother catheters that utilize the groove can have fully crimped stents as described in several of the embodiments above; however, it is possible to allow operators to choose any commercially available catheter with or without a stent and mount the commercially available catheter via the zipper 45. The mother catheters with an empty zipper 45 would have a mother stent 23 full crimped on the distal balloon portion 22 a of the mother catheter 21. After loading the commercially available catheter the operator would have to crimp the proximal portion of the mother stent 23 b in situ prior to beginning the clinical procedure. This option may be extremely valuable to operators who can reduce their total inventory of catheters but have more options for treating bifurcated lesions. FIG. 14 illustrates a distal daughter catheter 31 with an over the wire design and a proximal mother catheter 21 with a rapid exchange design and a short zipper 45. FIG. 13 illustrates a proximal mother catheter 21 with an over the wire design and a distal daughter catheter 31 with a short zipper 45. FIG. 15 illustrates a dual rapid exchange design with a short zipper 45. FIG. 16 illustrates a dual over the wire design with a short zipper 45. FIG. 18 illustrates a distal daughter catheter 31 with an over the wire design and a proximal mother catheter 21 with a rapid exchange design and an end to end zipper 45. FIG. 17 illustrates a proximal mother catheter 21 with an over the wire design and a distal daughter catheter 31 with an end to end zipper 45. FIG. 19 illustrates a dual rapid exchange design with an end to end zipper 45. FIG. 20 illustrates a dual over the wire design with an end to end zipper 45.

FIGS. 21-24 illustrate commercially available catheters that can be used with an alternative embodiment where in the mother catheter 21 is provided to the operator with a mother stent 23 (not shown) that is crimped on the distal portion of the mother catheter balloon 22 a. The proximal portion 23 b of the mother stent 23 is uncrimped. The operator can mount any commercially available catheter or balloon on a wire through the end of the mother stent proximal portion 23 b and exit out the side hole 25 of the mother stent 23. See FIG. 36. The operator can align the catheters to suit the patient's anatomy and crimp the proximal portion 23 b of the mother stent 23. The operator can crimp the stent 23 tightly so that the catheters do not move relative to each other. It is possible for the operator to place the catheters at the bifurcation and if necessary pullback on the commercially available catheter to adjust the alignment if necessary. Then the operator can gently push the system distally to ensure complete apposition. FIG. 21 illustrates a distal daughter catheter 31 with a rapid exchange design and a proximal mother catheter 21 with an over the wire design. FIG. 22 illustrates a distal daughter catheter 31 with an over the wire design and a proximal mother catheter 21 with a rapid exchange design. FIG. 23 illustrates a dual rapid exchange design. FIG. 24 illustrates a dual over the wire design.

Alternative embodiments of commercially available catheters that are single use devices for treating a single vessel, but can be mated together in various combinations with a polymer sleeve. The operator chooses the two catheters for the patient's anatomy then slides a sized polymer sleeve over both catheters from the distal ends. Once the operator has the catheters aligned the polymer sleeve can be treated with a heat or light source to shrink and bond the two catheters together with friction. The polymer sleeve is made of typical polymers that can act as shrink wrap when treated with a heat or light source. The polymer of the polymer sleeve for example could be manufactured with polyolefin a chemical used in manufacturing shrink wrap. The polymer sleeve would not crosslink or covalently attach to the catheters, several types of polymers are commercially available and have the requisite properties, thin, strong, not adhesive, and reaction times to their source of ten minutes or less. The polymer sleeves are typically 15 centimeters in length and have various diameters to suit typical catheter diameters 4 French to 20 French. The operator can test that the bond is holding by applying slight pressure prior to the procedure. If the polymer sleeve does not hold tightly the operator may elect to use a smaller diameter polymer sleeve or use more than one polymer sleeve by placing the polymer sleeves adjacent to each other. Alternatively, several smaller sleeves from 1 to 10 centimeters in length could be placed over several different portions of the catheters.

FIGS. 25-30 illustrate the delivery sequence of a preferred embodiment in eight steps. Step 1 illustrates the introduction of a 0.035 inch guidewire 50 up to the bifurcation. Step 2 illustrates the tracking of a guide catheter 53 over the guidewire 50. Step 3 illustrates the removal of the guidewire 50 and placement position of the guide catheter 53. Step 4 illustrates the tracking and placement of a rapid exchange compatible wire 52 in the daughter vessel 2 and an over the wire compatible wire 51 in the mother vessel 1. Step 5A & 5B illustrate tracking of the catheter system 10 distally over both the guidewires. Step 6A illustrates the inflation of the daughter balloon 32 and placement of the daughter stent 33 and partial deployment of the mother stent 23. Step 6B illustrates the inflation of the mother balloon 22 to place the distal portion 23 a of the mother stent 23 in the mother vessel 1. Step 7A illustrates the mother stent 23 in the main branch with side hole 25 facing the daughter vessel 2. Step 7B illustrates a bifurcated stent partially in the daughter vessel 2 and the mother vessel 1 where a side hole 25 of the mother stent 23 opens toward the main branch vessel 1.

In an alternative embodiment the delivery catheter mother balloons having tapered ends to accommodate balloons and stents with non-uniform profiles. For example, the proximal end of the daughter vessel stent may be designed to have a larger circumference than the distal end to compensate for the natural bifurcation anatomy. The daughter vessel balloon would like wise have a taper to properly expand the stent and ensure complete apposition. Additionally, it is possible to design the mother stent to expand differentially along its profile to compensate for a larger arterial diameter at the carina or ostium. In other words, the proximal and distal ends of the mother vessel balloon and mother vessel stent would be smaller in circumference while the center portion of the mother vessel stent would have a larger circumference.

In an alternative embodiment the mother vessel balloon having tapered ends to accommodate the distal balloon catheter portion and guidewire lumen. Further, the mother vessel balloon is designed for differential expansion to accommodate natural vessel anatomy.

In a preferred embodiment wherein the distal (daughter) balloon catheter portion is crimped with a half stent on a rapid exchange type design catheter. The daughter vessel stent is 4-20 millimeter and the daughter vessel balloon is approximately twice as long in length. The mother vessel stent 10-30 millimeter is differentially crimped to allow independent operation of the daughter balloon catheter portion. The distal portion of the mother vessel stent is crimped tightly enough to keep the entire stent from unintentionally dislodging during the procedure. The proximal portion of the mother vessel stent is crimped just tightly enough to reduce the crossing profile and allow the daughter balloon catheter portion to be moved distal or proximal relative to the mother balloon catheter portion. The proximal (mother) balloon catheter portion is an over the wire type design with the mother vessel balloon about 3 centimeters proximal to the daughter vessel balloon.

In an alternative embodiment a stent is designed to allow differential expansion of the middle portion of the stent relative to the proximal and distal ends. In particular, the design facilitates the placement of the stent across a bifurcation lesion in the mother vessel because it has a larger circumference in the middle portion relative to the ends than a stent with a constant profile. Further, the profile can be adjusted so that the largest circumference can be placed proximal or distal to the midpoint of the stent. In the particular embodiment the largest circumference is distal to the midpoint of the stent, but could be easily reversed for variable patient anatomy.

Partial crimping has the following key features that make it possible to maintain sufficient stent retention during delivery and placement and still allows the secondary system adjustability and deliverability. FIG. 31 is a partially crimped bifurcation stent prior to placement on any balloon catheter. FIGS. 32-34 illustrate an embodiment of the present invention in three steps. First, the bifurcation stent 23 is partially crimped over approximately one-third the distal portion 23 a of the bifurcation stent on to the mother catheter 21 and the daughter catheter 31 is loaded through the mother catheter 21 and mother stent 23 where the daughter stent 33 can be crimped separately. Second, the daughter stent 33 is crimped and pulled back proximally to align the proximal end of the daughter stent 33 near the distal end of the mother stent 23. Third, the proximal portion of the mother stent 23 b can be crimped to reduce the outer diameter, yet still allow independent movement of the two catheters relative to each other.

FIG. 35 illustrates a cross section of a daughter balloon catheter 31 without a daughter stent. The daughter catheter 31 is on top of the mother catheter 21. The mother stent 23 is differentially crimped around the mother catheter balloon 22 and daughter catheter 31 because the daughter catheter 31 profile is smaller than the mother catheter 21 profile. The differential crimping is non-uniform and can create various cross sectional shapes to accommodate different catheter designs, balloon designs, and stent designs. For example, pear shaped or a figure eight are possible configurations. The current embodiment is designed to reduce the profile as much as possible. In one preferred method of manufacturing, a protective sheet 46 is placed between the two catheters. The protective sheet 46 only needs to cover the portions that will come in contact during the crimping process, then the protective sheet 46 can be removed. FIG. 36 illustrates a side view of the mother stent 23 mounted on the mother catheter balloon 22 and the daughter catheter 31 mounted on the mother catheter 21 through the mother stent 22. The distal portion 23 a of the mother stent 23 will be crimped under standard conditions to hold stent firmly to the mother balloon 22 and mother catheter 21. The proximal portion 23 b of the mother stent 23 is partially crimped to reduce the profile, but still allows the daughter catheter 31 freedom to move proximal or distal relative to the mother catheter 21. This embodiment illustrates that the stent 23 is differentially crimped in both the circumferential and longitudinal direction. The amount of crimping will be determined by the stent design and size, catheter dimensions, and balloon dimensions; thus the crimping is differential along the longitudinal axis. FIG. 37 illustrates a side view of the mother stent 23 mounted on the mother catheter balloon 22 and the daughter catheter 31 mounted on the mother catheter 21 through the mother stent 23. The daughter catheter 31 also includes a stent 33 that can be crimped under standard conditions. The distal portion 23 a of the mother stent 23 will be crimped under standard conditions to hold stent firmly to the mother balloon 22 and mother catheter 21. In one experiment, this arrangement was tested to determine the strength of the distal crimping of the mother stent 23 by pulling the daughter catheter 31 and daughter stent 33 proximally; the results were that the daughter catheter 31 successfully passed through the crimped mother stent 23 and still retained the daughter stent 33 as well.

Additional features may be utilized during the crimping process such as adding a slight positive internal pressure to the balloon so that the final balloon surface pillows about 0.002 inch beyond the outer diameter of the stent. This process can yield a design that protects the stent from engaging with the vessel thus reducing friction and improving stent retention at the same time. Further, this process improves safety and reduces trauma to the vessel.

While the above embodiment discloses a bifurcation stent that is crimped at or about its distal half; this is not a limitation. The stent could be differentially crimped along its axis depending upon stent design, for example; if a hole in the side of a stent was not centered along the axis. It may be preferential to have the distal crimped portion of the bifurcation stent extend just distal of the hole that the daughter catheter to pass through. Alternatively, the distal crimped portion could extend partially or entirely over the hole that the daughter catheter passes through.

While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments and examples thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for treating a bifurcated vessel having a mother vessel and a daughter vessel, said system comprising: a mother catheter having an elongate shaft, the elongate shaft having a mother vessel guidewire lumen extending at least partially therethrough, and a mother vessel expandable member disposed on a distal catheter portion of the mother catheter elongate shaft; and a daughter catheter having an elongate shaft, the elongate shaft having a daughter vessel guidewire lumen extending at least partially therethrough, and a daughter vessel expandable member disposed on a distal catheter portion of the daughter catheter elongate shaft; and a mother stent disposed on the mother expandable member, wherein the stent comprises a proximal opening, a distal opening and a side hole therebetween for alignment with an ostium of the daughter vessel, and wherein the stent has a crimped configuration for delivery through the mother vessel and an expanded configuration in which the stent supports a vessel wall of the mother or daughter vessel, and wherein the daughter catheter elongate shaft extends through the proximal opening of the mother stent and exits the mother stent through the side hole when the stent is in the crimped configuration, and wherein the daughter catheter elongate shaft is slidable relative to the mother catheter elongate shaft when the stent is in the crimped configuration.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the daughter catheter is slidable relative to the mother catheter such that proximally retracting the daughter catheter retracts the daughter expandable member through the side hole and under a proximal portion of the mother stent when the stent is in the crimped configuration.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the mother expandable member and the daughter expandable member are independently expandable and positionable of one another.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the daughter expandable member is distal of the mother expandable member during delivery so as to reduce a profile of the catheter system to facilitate advancement through the mother vessel.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the daughter expandable member is retractable under a proximal portion of the mother stent so that expansion of the daughter expandable member expands the proximal portion of the stent and aligns the side hole with the ostium of the daughter vessel.
 6. The system of claim 2, wherein each of the mother and daughter catheters comprises at least one radiopaque marker so that separation of the markers is observable using fluoroscopy so as to allow a user to observe when the daughter expandable member is aligned under the proximal portion of the mother stent during retraction of the daughter catheter relative to the mother catheter.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a daughter stent disposed on the daughter expandable member, the daughter stent having a crimped configuration for delivery through a vessel and an expanded configuration in which the stent supports a vessel wall of the mother or daughter vessel.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the daughter stent comprises a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end having a larger circumference than the distal end to compensate for an anatomy of the bifurcated vessel.
 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the daughter expandable member is retractable under a proximal portion of the mother stent such that expansion of the daughter expandable member concurrently expands the proximal portion of the mother stent and the daughter stent when the daughter expandable member is retracted under the proximal portion before expansion.
 10. The system of claim 2, wherein the mother vessel stent comprises a distal portion distal of the side hole and wherein the proximal portion is proximal of the side hole, the proximal portion being crimped over the mother expandable member and the daughter catheter when the mother stent is in the crimped configuration.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein, in the crimped configuration, the proximal portion is crimped sufficiently tight to keep the entire mother stent from unintentionally dislodging during delivery and the proximal portion is crimped sufficiently loose so as to reduce a system profile during delivery while allowing the daughter catheter to be slidably moved relative to the mother catheter.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the guidewire lumens has a proximal opening and a distal opening, and wherein one of the mother catheter and the daughter catheter is an over-the-wire type catheter and the other is a rapid exchange type catheter, wherein in an over-the-wire type catheter, the distal opening of the guidewire lumen is at a distal end of the catheter while the proximal opening is at a proximal end of the catheter, and wherein in a rapid exchange type catheter, the distal opening of the guidewire lumen is disposed near the distal end of the catheter and the proximal opening of the guidewire lumen is disposed on the catheter closer to the distal opening of the guidewire lumen than to a proximal end of the catheter.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein both the mother catheter and the daughter catheter are an over-the-wire type catheter or both the mother catheter and the daughter catheter are a rapid exchange type catheter, wherein in an over-the-wire type catheter, the distal opening of the guidewire lumen is at a distal end of the catheter while the proximal opening is at a proximal end of the catheter, and wherein in a rapid exchange type catheter, the distal opening of the guidewire lumen is disposed near the distal end of the catheter and the proximal opening of the guidewire lumen is disposed on the catheter closer to the distal opening of the guidewire lumen than to a proximal end of the catheter.
 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the mother catheter and the daughter catheter are slidably attached to one another proximal of the mother and daughter expandable members so as to keep the catheters from tangling during delivery.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the mother and daughter catheters are slidably attached to one another with any of a capture tube, an exchange port, a zipper, and a snap coupler that attaches the mother catheter and daughter catheter.
 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the mother and daughter expandable members comprise a mother and daughter balloon. 